Last Test

Today in Western Civ, with Sir Robert Shickolas we took or last test. I thought that the test was ok. It was a little bit harder but also easy.

Martin Luther Continued

Today in Western Civ we learned more about Martin Luther. Eventually he was found to be a heretic. He was excommunicated and then fled to Germany where he continued to copy bibles into german. Eventually people continued to accept and continue his practices and then they created Lutheranism.

Martin Luther

Today in Western Civ. with Sir Robert Shickolas we learned and talked about Martin Luther and indulgences. The Church weakened socially- the Renaissance emphasis on the secular and the individual challenge church authority.  The printing press helped.  Politically- some rulers (especially the Germans) began to challenge the church's political power.  Economically- northern merchants resented paying church taxes to Rome.  Some priests drank to excess and many gambled.  The selling of indulgences (pardons) releases a sinner from performing the penalty a priest imposed for sins.  Johann Tetzel was a monk who sold indulgences to help rebuild St. Peters Cathedral.  A monk named Martin Luther objected to this practice.  Martin Luther born in Germany in 1483.  He studies the trivium (grammar, logic, and rhetoric)

text book

Indulgence- Pardon for sins believed to buy way into heaven'
Reformation- Formation of several Protestant church reformations
Lutheran- What Luther and his followers religion was called
Protestant- Christians who belong to non-Catholic churches
Peace of Augsburg- A famous religious settlement who decided the religion of the state
Annul- To set aside (marriage)
Anglican- Church of England with Elizabeth as head
What political, economic, and social factors helped bring about the Reformation?
-Queen Elizabeth I helped restore Protestantism
-Powerful monarchs challenged the church as the supreme power in Europe
-Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority
-European princes and kings were jealous of the Church's wealth.
-Merchants and other people didn't want to pay taxes to the church
-Some church leaders had become worldly and corrupt
-Many people found Church practices such as selling indulgences unacceptable
-People wanted to be able to divorce

From what term did Protestantism originate?
A group of people at the time of Martin Luther who were Catholic protestors of certain Catholic beliefs. w

Finishing the Powerpoint

Today in Western Civ. we finished the Renaissance power point. We took notes on new things and things we had already learned. We also learned about the printing press and how it was invented in China but then it was revolutionized in Germany. We also talked about what test questions are gonna be and when the test is.

Renaissance

Today in Western Civ. we continued to look at the powerpoint on the renaissance. We learned about sculptures, painting and even literature.

Renissance

Today in Western Civ. with Sir Robert Schickolas we were told to finish the questions. I had already finished those questions so I decided to read some more in the book. I am very excited to learn more about the Renaissance.

Italy

1. Renaissance- Rebirth or reborn a period of time that changed history
Humanism~movement that focused on human potential and achievements
Secular~ being concerned with worldly other than spiritual matters
Patron~supports artists financially
Perspective~ artists 3-D appearance
Vernacular~every day language used

3. What are some of the characteristics of the "Renaissance Man" and "Renaissance Women"?
 A young man should be charming, witty, well educated, know how to dance, sing, play music, and write poetry. He should also be a skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsman. Renaissance women were supposed to be charming,  were expected to inspire art but not create it, and were better educated than medieval women but had little influence in politics.

4. How did Italy cities help to make it the birthplace of the Renaissance?
It had thriving cities, a wealthy merchant class, and the classical heritage of ancient Greece.

5. What was the attitude of Church leaders and the wealthy toward the arts? why?
they beautified Rome and other cities by spending huge amounts on the arts. They became patrons by financially supporting artists. Wealthy families were also patrons of the arts. They had their importance demonstrated by having their portraits painted in public squares.

Test

Today in Western Civ. with sir Robert Shickolas we had a test. I thought that the test was hard on certain questions but I also thought the some of the questions were easy. I think that it was not my best test but i also was not my worst. 

Kings

Tiberius- Ruled from AD 14 to AD 37
an excellent general, but a reluctant emperor
after the death of his son, he exiled himself from Rome and left his prefects in charge
died at age 77

Caligula- Ruled from AD 37 to AD 41 (only 4 years!)

won a power struggle after Tiberius' death

known for his cruelty, extravagance, and perversity - an insane tyrant

assassinated by a group of praetorian guards, Senators, and the imperial court, trying to re-establish the Republic

but it didn't work

Claudius- Ruled from AD 41 to AD 54

suffered from many infirmities: a limp, stammering, shaking, slobbering... possibly because of cerebral palsy

took over because he was the last adult male in the family

ruled well - built roads, aqueducts, canals, and started the conquest of Britain

died by poisoning - it was his last wife's plan (she wanted her son Nero to rise to power)

Nero- ruled from 54 to 68

emphasized the arts

huge fire in 64 

he wanted to rebuild Rome to be more majestic

he hugely overspent, and even raided the temples for money

historians do not look kindly upon him

More notes for the test

Today in Western Civilization with Sir Robert Shickolas we continued to take notes to prepare for the test. A roman legion is 5,000 soldiers not in it for the pay. Elite heavy infantry that were ground forces. They were chosen exclusively from Roman citizens. 80 in a century on horseback. There were three punic wars and Rome won them all. They were almost beaten but Hannibal's plan was never truly finished. 

Notes on Rome

Today in Western Civilization with Sir Robert Shickolas we took a large amount of notes. We went over the story of Romulus and Remus. Then we went over the story of Tarquin. He was the seventh and last king of Rome.

Day 8

 - Greco-Roman culture: the mixing of elements of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman culture
    - Pompeii: a Roman town that got most affected by the volcanic eruption
    - Virgil: a poet who spent 10 years writing the most famous work of Latin literature
    - Tacitus: a Roman historian; very famous because he presented facts accurately
    - aqueduct: helped bring water into cities and towns

5.) what influence did Latin have on the development of Western languages?
     - started language called the Romance language (French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian) and adopting Latin into there languages

Day 7

The U.S. is declining because none of our youth feel like doing any work and they do not want to earn anything. They except that everything they want will be served to them on a silver platter. They don't want to do any physical labor jobs or even any jobs. They don't want to even go out of the house to walk their dog.People these days don't "feel" like doing things because they are lazy.

Was absent

Yesterday in class I was absent.

Day 5

Jesus
Leader who came to be known as Christ & was believed to be savior.
Apostle
Close follower of Jesus
Paul
Apostle who played a key role in the spread of Christianity throughout the empire
Diaspora
Moving away of the Jews from their homeland in Palestina
Constantine
Roman emperor who ended the persecution of Christians
Bishop
Head of all the churches in one area
Peter
First apostle who helped spread Christianity through Syria & Palestine
Pope
Head of all the Christian church
What did Jesus emphasize in his early teachings?
Personal relationships with God, importance of people's love to God, neighbors and enemies. Also, offered eternal life if you repented for your sins.
Why did the early Christians face persecution from the Romans?
Because they refused to worship the Roman gods.
What was the importance of the Nicene Creed?
It defined the Church basic beliefs.

Day 4

We were given two things two review in our Western Civ. class. One was a powerpoint and the other was a rap song that Mr. Schick wrote. We were told to compare the two and then write a paragraph on them. I like the rap and the power point but I think that the power point goes into more detail about the rap. One of the lines in the rap is "They drained the swamp" and "On the shores of the Tiber River". These quotes are used as headings in the powerpoint. The power point then explains what is happening in that quote like "they drained the swamp" is when Tarquin the Proud’s grandfather built the Cloaca Maxima (largest ancient drain), which channeled water into the Tiber.