Day 3

Civil War
A conflict between two political groups within the same country
Julius Caesar
Military leader who joined forces with Crassus and Pompey. He was elected consul in 59 BC
Triumvirate
In Ancient Rome, a group of three leaders sharing control of the government
Augustus
"Octavian" was the unchallenged ruler of Rome. "Exalted one"
Pax Romana
A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 BC to AD 180

What factors contributed to the fall of the Roman Republic?

The Empire was far too vast
The Catholic religion split, causing conflict
Constant hammering of Germans and nomads
Losing money because of raids

What were the main reasons for the Romans' success in controlling such a large empire?

Augustus was a very capable ruler and he set up an efficient government with paid civil servants

What measures did the government take to distract and control the masses of Rome?

The government provided free games, races, mock battles, and gladiator contest

Day 2

Questions 

Republic

form of government in which power rest with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders.

Patricians

wealthy landowners who held most power

Plebeians

the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up the majority of the population.

Tribunes

assembly and elect representatives.

Consuls

Rome's two officials.

Senate

the aristocratic branch of Rome's government.

Dictator

a leader who had absolute power to make laws and command the army.

Legions

Roman soldiers were organized into large military units.

Punic Wars

war between Rome and Carthage.

Hannibal

Carthaginian general.

What limits were there on the power of the Roman consuls?

They could only serve for one year, the same person could not be elected for ten years, and one consul could always overrule the others decision.

What was the significance of the twelve tables?

To ensure that all free citizens had protection under the law, all laws were carved on twelve tablets and hung in a forum.

How was Hannibal's attack on Rome daring and different?

Instead of a head on attack, he used a surprise attack.

Main timelines

Roman Timeline: 
509 B.C. Rome becomes a republic 
264 B.C. first Punic war begins 

218 B.C. in the second Punic War Hannibal invades Italy
31 B.C. Octavian defeats the forces of Anthony and cleopatra
284 A.D. Diocletian becomes emperor of Rome
476 A.D. Western Roman Empire falls

Main Ideas

power and authority

Rome began as a republic, a government in which elected officials represent the people

eventually, absolute rulers called emperors seized power and expanded the empire

empire building

at its height, the Roman Empire touched three continents - Europe, Asia, and Africa

for several centuries, Rome brought peace and prosperity to its empire before its eventual collapse

religious and ethical systems

out of Judea rose a monotheistic, or single-god, the religion is known as Christianity

based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, it soon spread throughout Rome and beyond

Test review

Today in Western Civ with Sir Robert Shickolas we got our tests back. I did ok on it but I thought it was a little hard as well. We also looked at the next eight days and how Mr. Schick will not be here due to a surgery. We will be doing book work and we will be having subs for the days where he is not here.

Test

Today in Western Civ. with Sir Robert Shickolas we took a test. I thought that the test was ok. There were some questions that I actually had to sit and think about for a second. There was one question that really stumped me. It was the threats I made against a foreign country were ignored. This was a question that I don't remember doing this question but we probably did. I think that overall that the test was moderate.

notes for the test

• Philip the second king before Alexander 
• Aristotle educated and tutored alexander the great 
• Macedonia- place north of Greece- alexander and Philip II from there 
• Alexander- Philip Second son, twenty when proclaimed self as king of Macedonia, Father killed at daughters wedding, Guardsmen killed Philip, Persians paid guy a lot, second theory own wife paid guy to kill him 
• People who challenged him were killed
• Darius the III, King of Persia, ran away from battles a lot, assassinated by own soldiers cause coward, after defeated by empire, goes to alexander, wants to give third, Alex says no and conquers entire Persia, Moves onto Egypt and tells them he is a god, they believe him, name him pharaoh. Keeps going and goes all the way to India, recruits more people every time he conquers a place. Gets to India, battle at Hydapses river, encounter elephants, still won battle. Fighting since seven ish years. Rebel and say they are satisfied. Goes back to Babylon, makes new capital, setting up, new language, married with anyone, Killed in Babylon at age of 32. Not sure how died, drank a lot, had a lot of sex, malaria, or poisoned. 
• Split between three generals after he died. They were all bad and then the entire thing collapses. 
• Hellenistic- greek culture blended with Egyptian, Persian, Indian, 
• Alexandria- Center of commerce and the nile delta, in Egypt, New York city of its time. 
• Euclidian- highly regarded math mathematician
• Archemeaies- greek mathematician who computed pi out to the farthest distance
• International community trade of Alexandria
• Tragedy- oedipus Rex- Sophocles
• Comedy- Aristophanes- Lysistrata 
• Questions on what type of government 
• Aristocphrace- Nobels run
• Democracy- people 
• Plato- student of socrates, sat in trial, took notes, wrote the apology, explanation not Im sorry, allegory of cave 
• Aristotle- student of Plato, gather all knowledge into library thing, all knowledge and then read anything you want, lyceum, tutored alexander 

Text notes

1.  Hellenistic- Relating to the culture that blended Greek with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences. Migration and trade are causing cultures to blend

From the text

Section 4 
1. Philip II-ruler of macedon. (started 359 BCE). wanted to conquer Persian empire. father of alexander the great. husband of Olympus.
 Macedonia-region in Greece. ruled by Philip II and then alexander the great
Alexander the great - son of Philip II and Olympus. born 356 BCE. known as the great. known for quick wit and intelligence. tutored by Aristotle. wanted to conquer the world. conquered the world. tamed Bucephalus at 13.
Darius III- king of Persia. defeated by alexander the great
3. He organized his troops into phalanxes of 16 men across and 16 deep, each one armed with an 18-foot pike. Philip used this heavy phalanx formation to break through enemy lines. Then he used fast moving cavalry to crush his disorganized opponents.
4. Because he was greedy and because Alexander's sense of adventure led him to believe that he would be able to conquer all civilizations and united them
5.His generals fought over his empire, and four kingdoms emerged in its place. Government in the four placed was conducted in the Greek language. 

More notes

1. Direct democracy is a form of democracy in which people decide on policy initiatives directly.
    Classical Art- pieces filled with balance, ideal, harmony, order, and proportion.
    Tragedy was a serious drama about common problems or down fall of heroic character. Fatal Flaw or Hubris or excessive pride. Tragedy: Sophocles(person) Oediphus Rex(play still performed till today)
    Comedy a show that contained slap-stick situations and crude humor. Comedy: (Aristophenes) Lysistrata
    Peloponnesian war was a war between the two city states of Athens and Sparta. 431-404 27 year war sparta
    Philosopher were great thinkers that were determined to seek the truth.
    Socrates was a philosopher who lived from 470bc to 399 bc. He showed people how to make              decisions for them selves.
    Plato was a philosopher who was socrates' student.
    Aristotle who questioned nature.

Absent

Today I was sick for Western Civ.

Notes in class

Today in Western Civ. we were about to have a presentation from Elpris and Athan and Dylan but Athan was not here. So instead we are doing book work. Questions 1, 3, 4, 5 from the text.

1. Direct democracy is a form of democracy in which people decide on policy initiatives directly.
    Classical Art- pieces filled with balance, ideal, harmony, order, and proportion.
    Tragedy was a serious drama about common problems or down fall of heroic character. Fatal Flaw or Hubris or excessive pride. Tragedy: Sophocles(person) Oediphus Rex(play still performed till today)
    Comedy a show that contained slap-stick situations and crude humor. Comedy: (Aristophenes) Lysistrata
    Peloponnesian war was a war between the two city states of Athens and Sparta. 431-404 27 year war sparta
    Philosopher were great thinkers that were determined to seek the truth.
    Socrates was a philosopher who lived from 470bc to 399 bc. He showed people how to make              decisions for them selves.
    Plato was a philosopher who was socrates' student.
    Aristotle who questioned nature.

3. He increased the number of public officials who were paid salaries. Even the poorest citizen could serve if elected or chosen by lot. Now Athens had more citizens engaged in self-government than any other city state in Greece.

4. Athens avoided land battles and attack by sea. Sparta eventually attacked on land and burned Athen's food supply.

5. He questioned and put in to perspective their entire lives. All they have ever known.

Projects

Today in class we observed projects. Some people brought in food while others did videos.